³² This figure represents reportings of disability in the areas of ‘learning’, ‘memory’, ‘developmental’, ‘psychological’ and ‘unknown’. The PALS Survey 2001 is available online at: http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89-579-XIE/89-579-XIE02001.pdf.

³³ See companion paper on general CAEFS’ overview, unpublished.

³⁴ Ibid.

³⁵ Hannah-Moffat, K. & Shaw, M., Taking Risks: Incorporating Gender and Culture into the Classification and Assessment of Federally Sentenced Women, 2001, Government of Canada: Status of Women Canada, at p. 2. Abstract available online at
http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/pubs/0662654323/index_e.html.

³⁶ Ibid.

³⁷ Laishes, J., Mental Health Strategy For Women Offenders, 1997, Correctional Service of Canada: Mental Health, Health Services, [Online] Available:
http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrm/fsw/mhealth/toc_e.shtml at p. 1.

³⁸ Ibid. at p. 2.

³⁹ Ibid.

⁴⁰ Canadian Human Rights Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. H-6.

⁴¹ Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982, (U.K.), 1982, c. 11 [Charter].

⁴² See for example Eaton v. Brant (County) Board of Education (1995), 22 O.R. (3d) 1 (C.A.): D/261.

⁴³ British Columbia (Superintendent of Motor Vehicles) v. British Columbia (Human Rights Comm.) [1999], 36 C.H.R.R. D/129 (S.C.C.) (“Grismer”), which applied the three-step test set out in “Meiorin”, cited as British Columbia (Public Service Employee Relations Commission) v. BCGSEU [1999] 3. S.C.R. 3.

⁴⁴ The Charter, s.32.

⁴⁵ Ibid. at s.1/

⁴⁶ Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia Ibid., [1989] 1.S.C.R. 143, 56 D.L.R. (4^th) 1.

⁴⁷ Ibid.

⁴⁸ R. v. Turpin, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1296, 48 C.C.C. (3d) 8.

⁴⁹ Ibid.

⁵⁰ R. v. Swain, [1991] 1.S.C.R. 933, 63 C.C.C. (3d) 481.

⁵¹ Law v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1999] 1 S.C.R. 497 at ¶ 88.

⁵² Ibid., see also Gosselin v. Quebec (Attorney General), [2002] S.C.C. 84 at ¶ 17.

⁵³ Supra note 50 at p. 948.

⁵⁴ Eldridge v. British Columbia (A.G.), [1997] 3 S.C.R. 624, 151 D.L.R. (4^th) 577.